SNAICC has developed a human rights framework for the genuine participation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in child protection decision-making for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. The framework describes the source and scope of the right of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to participate in decisions that affect their lives. It considers the history and current status of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participation in child protection decisions in Australia. Key elements required to implement participation rights are detailed, alongside key questions to interrogate whether they are effectively implemented for child protection decision-making.